Steps in CSA
Steps in CSA
The CSA process can be described in below
broad steps:
- Identify the software’s
intended use. The
CSA approach starts with identifying intended use of the software or
software feature.
If the system directly impacts patient
safety, device quality, or quality system integrity, then it would be
considered a direct system (e.g., software within the device, electronic device
history, adverse event reporting, etc.). If it does not, then it would be
considered an indirect system (e.g., lifecycle management software).
- Prioritize risk and
determine your approach. This is where you use critical
thinking to develop a validation methodology appropriate to the risk of
the system.
The FDA knows that you will have the
best insights into how risk is introduced into your products and where it
matters, and they expect you to have an element of understanding and control
about your product and processes.
You’ll want to be able to tell your story to an auditor by explaining in detail where risk is being introduced.
For
validation purposes, it will be important to delineate where the system in
question could introduce risk, versus what is a process risk, and use critical
thinking to calculate the risk impact of the system or system feature on
patient safety and product quality.
Note that a “low risk” designation for
a system is only accurate if the system’s failure has no impact on patient
safety and product quality. If failure has an impact, then the risk assessment
is inaccurate.
- Leverage vendor
documentation where possible. Audit your software vendors. If
they have quality documentation and validation in place, it can be used
for medium and low risk features.
You don’t need to perform rigorous
validation procedures and extensive documentation for out-of-the-box software
that’s already been validated by the software vendor.
- Conduct testing activities based on determined risk level. For high-risk (direct) software and features, extensive validation activities (scripted testing) and documentation will still be necessary.
At a minimum, validation activities in
this instance will include a test objective for the test script, a step-by-step
test procedure, expected results, a pass/fail designation, along with thorough
documentation.
For medium risk features, vendor
documentation or unscripted testing (a test objective and a pass/fail, but no
step-by-step test procedure) can often suffice.
For indirect systems that do not
affect patient safety or product quality, vendor documentation, or in some
instances little to no validation at all can be sufficient.
5.
focusing on quality, not
compliance.
“Quality is never an accident; it is always
the result of high intention, sincere effort, intelligent direction and
skillful execution; it represents the wise choice of many alternatives.”
William A. Foster.
CSA was born out of the need to reclaim the quality-centric mindset lost in the industry’s typical CSV approach of gathering documentary evidence for auditors.
But focusing too much on regulatory requirements and compliance can cause (and has caused) life sciences professionals to lose sight of quality.
One of the main findings of the FDA's Case for Quality initiative was that the industry's heightened focus on meeting regulatory requirements versus adopting best quality practices could actually jeopardize patient safety.
The document-centric, compliance-based approach impedes the use of risk-based critical thinking in the validation process.
It also discourages investment in digital technologies that dramatically streamline validation efforts, leading to reduced project costs and faster time to market.
Regulators and leading
CSV subject matter experts (SMEs) recognize this and envision CSA will bridge
the gap between technology and compliance.
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